Health disparities are preventable differences in the burden of injury or of opportunities to achieve optimal health that are experienced by socially disadvantaged populations (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2008). Health disparities are often related to the historical and current unequal distribution of social, political, economic, and environmental resources. In particular, disparities in the risk of intentional and unintentional child and adolescent injury are found across several distinct populations within sex, race/ethnicity, geography, disability, sexual orientation and gender identity, health literacy, and socioeconomic status (SES), among others. Understanding disparities in child and adolescent injury is an important and necessary step in reducing and eliminating those disparities. This paper summarizes the literature describing disparities in child and adolescent injury.